OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR REMOVAL OF PHENOL BY NANO ZERO VALENT IRON IMPREGNATED CASHEW NUT SHELL

Objective: The present research is an attempt to optimize the process parameters for phenol removal from aqueous solution using Nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) impregnated cashew nut shell (NZVI-CNS) by adopting statistical tool Response Surface Methodology-Box Behnken Design (RSM-BB).Methods: Box Behnken Design (RSM-BB) design was used to explore the effect of variables on the removal of phenol. In RSM-BB method, high and low values were assigned for the five variables viz. initial pH, NZVI-CNS dosage, initial concentration, contact time and temperature. The preparation was carried out by simple liquid-phase reduction method, namely borohydride reduction method.Results: The results of RSM-BB method showed the significant effect of pH (A), Dose (B), initial concentration (C), time (D), and temperature (E) on phenol removal from aqueous solution. The results of ANOVA and regression of the second order model showed that the linear effects of Dose (B) and Temperature and cross products effects of temperature and pH were more significant. All the critical variables having the greatest effect on the removal of phenol from Nano zero valent iron impregnated cashew nut shell.Conclusion: Nano zero valent iron impregnated cashew nut shell successfully employed to remove phenol from aqueous solution. The factors optimized in the present work would helpful in phenol removal from aqueous solution.Â

A STUDY ON FACTOR PATTERNS OF RETAIL STORES INFLUENCING THE BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN COIMBATORE CITY

The surfacing of retail market structure has observed a significant change in the recent days in India. Both the evolving demand of customers and the intensified competition among the domestic and foreign companies have created a pressure for the need of innovations in rendering services in the emerging market. Measuring service quality has thus come in a way to examine the areas in which one has to improve and compete successfully. This study evaluates applicability of a widely accepted scale, Retail Service Quality Scale (RSQS) in India. Factor analyses of the component structures indicate good fit of the RSQS dimensions and the items. The present study aims at identifying the factors patterns of supermarkets influencing the buying behaviour. The study is based upon a response of 200 respondents with convenience sampling. The research data were collected by using questionnaire and validated to the present study. Factor analysis was employed to identify factor loadings. As per factor analysis the loadings were grouped into 6 categories from 24 factors. The study revealed the factor patterns of retail services in Indian retail stores with special reference to Supermarkets and Hypermarkets in Coimbatore City

Structure of DNA Binding MYB Transcription Factor Protein (ScMYBAS1-3) from Sugarcane – Threading and Ab Initio Modelling

The sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) stress-related MYB transcription factor gene, ScMYBAS1-3 demonstrated induced response to water-deficit and salt stress in our previous study. In order to elucidate its sequence-to-structure-to-function paradigm, the putative three-dimensional structure of ScMYBAS1 was generated using threading assembly refinement (I-TASSER) server. Further, PROCHECK, Verify-3D, PROMOTIF and ProSA programs were used to test the quality of model and the scores were within the recommended intervals. The models shed valuable information necessary for future identification of DNA binding regions and the prediction of co-regulated stress induced genes by docking studies. Key words: I-TASSER; ScMYBAS1; Sugarcane; Water-deficit Prabu G.R. and D. Theertha Prasad. Structure of DNA Binding MYB Transcription Factor Protein (ScMYBAS1-3) from Sugarcane – Threading and Ab Initio Modelling. J Phytol 3/3 (2011) 77-8

Heavy landings of juveniles of Indian scad, Decapterus russelli at Munambam Fisheries Harbour

Among the carangid fishes, the Indian scad, Decapterus russelli is an important pelagic fish and a major commercial species contributing to the marine fisheries of Kerala. The fish is locally called “kozhuchala” and it forms a regular fishery. The species is often caught as by-catch in shrimp trawl nets having cod-end mesh sizes ranging from 15 mm to 20 mm that is operated in the depth range of 55- 90 m almost throughout the year. They are consumed fresh as well as sun dried form

Desain Sucker Rod Pump Untuk Optimasi Produksi Sumur Sembur Alam L5a-x Di Pertamina Ep Asset 2 Field Limau

Sumur yang terus berproduksi akan mengalami penurunan tekanan reservoir dan akibatnya produktifitas sumur menurun, maka perlu ditambah tekanan agar fluida dapat mengalir ke permukaan, yaitu melalui metode pengangkatan buatan (artificial lift)[1]. Dalam perencanaannya dapat dilakukan dengan analisis kualitatif dan analisis kuantitatif (perhitungan) berupa besarnya laju produksi sumur. Penurunan produksi yang terjadi pada sumur sembur alam L5A-X struktur Niru hanya mencapai 41,67 BOPD [2]. Oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan metode pengangkatan buatan agar sumur dapat berproduksi secara optimal. Metode artificial lift yang dipilih adalah menggunakan sucker rod pump. Pemilihan alat ini dilakukan berdasarkan laju produksi sumur yaitu, melalui analisis kurva inflow performance relationship (IPR). Dari hasil análisis kurva IPR sumur L5A-X struktur Niru masih produktif untuk menghasilkan fluida yaitu sebesar 594,12 BFPD. Untuk merencanakan setiap komponen-komponen pompa maka dilakukan perhitungan secara teoritis. Hasil perhitungan optimasi pompa untuk sumur L5A-X jenis pompa yang digunakan adalah tipe pompa Tubing Heavy Wall Barrel (TH). Parameter pemilihan pompa, yaitu diameter plunger sebesar 2 ¼ in dan diameter tubing 2 7/8 in. Dengan merencanakan kecepatan pemompaan 7 SPM, panjang langkah pemompaan 144 inch dan kombinasi ukuran rod yang akan dipakai, yaitu ¾ in, 7/8 in, 1in maka, diperoleh laju produksi sebesar 578,62 BFPD. Dapat disimpulkan metode yang efektif untuk sumur produksi L5A-X adalah metode artificial lift dengan menggunakan sucker rod pump

Prospek Proyek Pembukaan Pemboran Sumur Minyak X Pada Lapangan X PT Pertamina Ep Asset 2 Field Prabumulih

PT Pertamina adalah sebuah Perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang perminyakan dan pergasan. Pengelolaan kontraknya dengan pemerintah dengan cara kontrak bagi hasil. Investasi untuk menemukan minyak atau gas di dalam bumi sampai siap berproduksi memerlukan dana atau investasi yang sangat besar, sehingga sebelum investasi tersebut dilakukan harus dikaji dulu apakah investasi tersebut prospek atau tidak untuk dilakukan. Jika investasi tersebut prospek maka dilakukan proyek investasi (go), jika tida maka tidak dilakukan (no go). Dalam analisa ekonomi ada 4 cara penilian atau kriteria untuk menilai apakah investasi tersebut prospek atau layak, yaitu : pay out time (POT), net present value (NPV), rate of return (ROR), dan profit to investment ratio (PIR). Semakin pendek payback period, maka investasi sangat prospek atau layak dilaksanakan, apabila NPV positif menunjukan investasi prospek atau layak, apabila ROR lebih besar dari interest rate yang ada menunjukkan investasi prospek atau layak dan apabila profit to investment ratio besar dari 1 maka ini juga menunjukkan investasi prospek atau layak. Dari analisa ekonomi yang dilakukan terhadap rencana PT Pertamina melakukan pemboran sumur X didapat angka-angka sebagai berikut : pay out time (POT) 2,54 tahun, NPV positif sebesar $ 2.952.513, ROR 20,82 %, dan profit to investment ratio 2.45, sehingga investasi ini dinilai prospek dan dapat dilaksakan

Prescription status of Respiratory tract infection – a survey report

Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the Self-medication and non-doctor prescribing of drugs used for respiratory tract infection in developing countries. Problems and factors responsible for this practice in SouthIndia.Methods: The survey was based on the questionnaire method; it was carried out from 1000 respondents at different pharmacies.Results: Literate persons (56%), monthly income between INR.3000- INR.10000 (39%) and also age group between 21-40years (66%) are more prone to self medication. The reason for deviation in self-medication is due to economical condition (57%), lack of time (22%), mild illness (12%), less treatment awareness (9%). Apart from this, some deviations are commonly seen among the prescription following respondents. Most probable respondents are due to financial condition (65%), others are brand name, dosage form, etc.Conclusion: The present study was concluded that pharmacists are one of the key person for prevention of communicable and non-communicable diseases and also improving patient compliance. These types of problems can be prevented by patient education should be strengthened.Keywords: Respiratory tract infection, prescription, self-medication, patient counseling, role of pharmacist

Marine microlalgal culture

Marine microlalgal cultur

Numerical Study about Effect of Different Boundary Conditions on Compressive Modulus Coefficient of Bonded and Non-Bonded Cylindrical Isolators

Elastomers (Rubber and rubber-like materials) are widely utilized in many engineering applications due to their specific properties like high elasticity with good static and dynamic behaviors. Rubber blocks are one of the elastomeric components and it is employed in many applications such as vibration isolators, bumpers, shock absorbers, and dampers, etc. Most of the rubber blocks are cylindrical in shape and it can undergo large deformation under different loadings and contact conditions (fixed-fixed, friction-friction and fixed-friction). In this present work, experimentally validated Ogden hyper-elastic material model is adopted in the finite element analysis (FEA). The FE model is validated with other published experimental work. In addition, the following six boundary conditions namely BC1 (Fixed – Fixed), BC2 (Fixed – Friction), BC3 (Friction – Friction), BC4 (Fixed – Cap), BC5 (Cap – Friction) and BC6 (Cap – Cap) boundary conditions are taken for comparative study. The aspect ratio (radius/height) of the rubber isolator also varied as 0.5, 0.75, and 1. From the numerical analysis carried out, it is found that the BC6 (Cap–Cap) with aspect ratio 1 showed better compressive modulus coefficient over other parameters taken for study